La energía en Argentina durante la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones: Análisis de políticas petroleras y eléctricas entre 1946 y 1976

Abstract

This research analyses the central energy policies (oil and electricity) implemented in Argentina between 1946 and 1976, considering the national and international economic context. Concerning the international context, the paper summarises the period known as the "golden years", which began in the second post-war period, when the principles of Keynesianism and the welfare state were implemented, and ended in the 1970s, giving rise to the so-called "decades of crisis". From then on, classical orthodox economic theories linked to the free market began to take hold, the long-term results of which had very negative consequences for many countries. In this context, there was a succession of governments of different political signs in Argentina, both constitutional and de facto, with Peronism banned in whole or in part, but which shared similar economic difficulties. During this period, the industry grew significantly in its share of gross domestic product through greater or lesser state interventionism. In this context, both internationally and locally, energy supply would be a key element in economic development, occupying an important place on the agenda of governments. For this reason, the paper proposes to focus on the diverse and changing energy policies implemented between 1946 and 1976.